?Impact of non-native tree species in Europe on soil properties and biodiversity: a review

In the context of global change, integration non-native tree (NNT) species into European forestry is increasingly being discussed. The ecological consequences increasing use or spread NNTs in forests are highly uncertain, as scientific evidence either constraint to results from case studies with limited spatial extent, concerns assessments that lack focus on NNTs. For case, generalisations challenging draw. Here we compile data impacts seven important ( Acacia dealbata , Ailanthus altissima Eucalyptus globulus Prunus serotina Pseudotsuga menziesii Quercus rubra Robinia pseudoacacia ) physical and chemical soil properties diversity attributes Europe, summarise commonalities differences. From a total 103 publications considered, were overall more frequent than properties. effects varied greatly among depended respective property. Overall, (45%) decreasing occurred similar frequency. contrast, biodiversity much (66%) ones (24%). Species phylogenetically distant species, such showed strongest biodiversity. Our suggest forest managers should be cautious using NNTs, majority NNT stands host fewer when compared native ecosystems, likely reflected changes biotic interactions ecosystem functions. high variability suggests individual assessed separately, but relatives used particular caution.